Escalation in civilian casualties linked to M23 operations

The M23 rebel faction has reclaimed its position as the deadliest armed group in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), according to the latest findings from the Kivu Security Tracker (KST). The conflict monitoring initiative recorded at least 114 civilian deaths directly attributed to the group in June 2026, marking the highest monthly toll since December 2025.

The surge in violence coincides with renewed military offensives in Masisi and Rutshuru territories, where the M23 has targeted civilians suspected of collaborating with rival factions, including the Wazalendo defense groups and the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR). In one particularly grim incident, at least 48 bodies were recovered in Bibwe village, Masisi territory, following an M23 operation against FDLR positions. Witness accounts indicate most victims died from shrapnel wounds caused by artillery fire.

Regional violence dynamics and shifting trends

While overall security incidents in eastern DRC decreased by 19% in June (from 305 in May to 247), the KST report highlights a dangerous recomposition of violence. The M23 alone accounted for 40% of all documented clashes during the month, initiating 46 of the 115 recorded armed confrontations.

In contrast, the Popular Revolution Convention (CRP) in Ituri showed reduced activity following a unilateral ceasefire declared in May, ahead of ongoing negotiations with the Congolese government under Ugandan mediation. Meanwhile, the Cooperative for Development of Congo (Codeco) announced its transformation into a politico-military movement, seeking political recognition and internal cohesion.

The Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) continued their campaign of terror, responsible for 62 civilian deaths and 57 abductions in June. The group has notably expanded its operational reach beyond traditional strongholds, now extending into Haut-Uele province.

Humanitarian implications and ongoing challenges

The escalation of violence perpetrated by the M23 and other armed factions has exacerbated an already dire humanitarian crisis in eastern DRC. Civilian populations face systematic targeting, displacement, and restricted access to essential services. The KST report underscores the urgent need for coordinated international intervention to protect civilians and restore stability in the region.

As the security situation remains volatile, the international community continues to monitor developments closely, with calls for accountability and sustainable peace initiatives gaining momentum.