One year after a peace agreement between the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda, intense fighting has once again escalated in eastern DRC, pitting Kinshasa’s forces against M23 rebels amidst an ongoing Ebola outbreak. This diplomatic accord, signed in Washington with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio alongside his Congolese and Rwandan counterparts, has unfortunately not brought lasting stability to the troubled region.

After three decades of conflict, the Democratic Republic of Congo has been grappling with a fresh surge of violence since the M23 armed group re-emerged in 2021. This group, which the United Nations has indicated receives military support from Rwanda, continues to destabilize the eastern provinces.
On April 9, 2025, following a meeting between Congolese President Félix Tshisekedi and Rwandan President Paul Kagame, negotiations were initiated in Doha. These talks, mediated by Qatar, involved the Alliance fleuve Congo – the political wing of the M23 – and the Congolese government, aiming to find a path to peace in the region.
In parallel, the United States spearheaded separate discussions to broker a peace agreement between the DRC and Rwanda. After several months of intensive talks, an accord was finally signed on June 27, 2025, between Kigali and Kinshasa, with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio present at the ceremony.
Despite these significant diplomatic efforts, the region continues to experience a
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