Bénin’s quiet diplomacy: charting a path to regional reconciliation with the Sahel

Following the political upheaval in Niger in July 2023 and the subsequent imposition of stringent regional sanctions, the relationship between Cotonou and Niamey endured a deep crisis. This period was marked by hermetically sealed borders and a barrage of accusations from Niger. However, a closer examination of the facts reveals a more nuanced reality: despite the firm stance of the Alliance of Sahel States (AES), Bénin consistently sought avenues for conciliation. The recent official visit by Bénin’s new president, Romuald Wadagni, to Niamey unequivocally signifies the culmination of this diplomatic outreach and Cotonou’s undeniable commitment to good faith.

A persistent drive for de-escalation despite obstacles

While the crisis escalated over several months, Bénin initiated concrete actions early on to ease tensions:

• Prompt lifting of economic restrictions: By late 2023, Bénin had already lifted suspensions on the transit of goods to Niger through the autonomous Port of Cotonou. Cotonou aimed to reopen Niger’s economic lifeline but was met with Niamey’s continued border closure, citing