Sénégal: when political rivalry risks undermining democratic progress

The recent political tensions between Bassirou Diomaye Faye and Ousmane Sonko have raised concerns about their potential impact on Senegal’s democratic transition. A thought-provoking analysis published in MyJoyOnline by researchers Chukwuemeka Eze and Malick Fall explores how this clash may test the resilience of the country’s democratic institutions.

The authors draw a powerful parallel with an African proverb: when two elephants fight, it is the grass that suffers. This metaphor underscores the delicate balance Senegal now faces, as the once-promising democratic renewal in West Africa is now overshadowed by internal strife between two of its most influential leaders.

Faye’s historic victory in the 2024 presidential election was made possible by Sonko’s strategic decision to step aside and support him. This move, which the authors describe as an extraordinary act of political selflessness, transformed a relatively unknown candidacy into a landslide win. The decision not only demonstrated Sonko’s commitment to democratic principles but also galvanized a broad coalition of voters eager for change.

economic sovereignty vs. financial stability

The current divide between the two leaders stems not from ideological differences but from opposing approaches to managing Senegal’s mounting public debt. While Sonko advocates for economic sovereignty and outright rejection of debt restructuring, President Faye seeks to reassure international markets and development partners by maintaining fiscal prudence. The government has repeatedly affirmed that formal debt restructuring is not under consideration, reflecting a pragmatic stance aimed at avoiding economic instability.

Eze and Fall caution against exaggerating these differences as fundamental ideological conflicts. Instead, they see them as a reflection of the tension between transformative ambitions and the practical realities of governance. However, they warn that political calculations may soon overshadow the broader reform agenda, diverting attention from the urgent needs of the Senegalese people.

institutional reforms under scrutiny

The irony is palpable: a movement that rose to power on promises of strengthening democratic institutions now finds itself tested by the very reforms it championed. Recent proposals to revise the constitution, intended to rebalance power between the executive and parliament, have sparked intense debate. Supporters argue that these changes are essential to fulfilling the historical mandate of the Pastef movement and the National Assizes. Critics, however, question the timing and implementation of these reforms, raising concerns about their potential to deepen political divisions.

According to the authors, the true measure of democratic success lies not only in the quality of legal texts but in the political trust surrounding their execution. Democracy thrives when institutions function not just as frameworks, but as living commitments to transparency and accountability.

For ordinary Senegalese citizens, the stakes could not be clearer. The pressing issues—job creation for the youth, affordable living costs, improved healthcare and education—are being sidelined as political leaders grapple with internal disputes. Each day spent navigating these tensions is a day lost in delivering the transformative change that inspired millions to vote for change. Yet, unlike neighboring countries where political crises have led to coups or insurrections, Senegal’s democratic institutions remain resilient: the judiciary functions, parliament is active, and disagreements remain within constitutional bounds.