Russian military expansion threatens stability in Libya’s air bases

Russian influence grows in Libyan air bases

Six strategic air bases across Libya are now hubs for Russian military operations, raising concerns about the Kremlin’s expanding footprint in North Africa. These locations—Al-Joufra, Al-Khadim, Al-Qardabiyah, Brak Al-Shati, Maaten al-Sarra, and Tamenhant—serve as key transit points for weapons, mercenaries, and combatants flowing into conflict zones.

Infrastructure and personnel: Moscow’s long-term strategy

Russia is not just deploying troops; it is investing in long-term infrastructure projects. Reports indicate plans to develop the port and air base of Tobrouk, alongside upgrades at multiple sites. These include systems de défense aérienne (air defense systems), avions chasseurs MiG-29 (MiG-29 fighter jets), and drones, along with active Russian military personnel and mercenaries.

After the collapse of Syria’s regime in late 2024, Moscow shifted its focus to Libya. Initially blocked from securing a Libyan port, Russia advanced inland, transforming abandoned or underused facilities into fortified military outposts. The Maaten al-Sarra base, for example, was restored by Syrian soldiers deployed by Russia in December 2024 after lying dormant since 2011.

Maaten al-Sarra: A gateway to the Sahel

Strategically located near the borders of Chad and Sudan, Maaten al-Sarra has become a critical staging ground for Russian operations in the Sahel. Analysts warn that the base enables Moscow to supply arms directly to Burkina Faso, Mali, and Sudan without detection. Restored runways and warehouses now support rapid deployment and logistical operations.

Al-Khadim: A logistical and operational nerve center

Situated 100 km east of Benghazi, Al-Khadim has evolved into a multifunctional hub. Recent construction includes three new hangars, a recreational center, and what appear to be communication towers and temporary housing. By 2026, a barracks was added, further solidifying its role as a command and control center.

Investigations in 2025 traced a Gazprom executive’s journey from Al-Khadim to a Russian-controlled mine in the Central African Republic, documented via social media. Geolocation tools confirmed regular Russian deployments, including a motorized rifle officer from the 102nd Motorized Rifle Division stationed at the base.

Expansion across Libya’s southern and central regions

Russian forces have been active at Al-Joufra since 2019, with recent upgrades including refurbished hangars, storage facilities, and defensive barriers. Nearby, Al-Qardabiyah, attached to the Syrte international airport, saw new infrastructure, runway repairs, and perimeter defenses built in 2024, followed by hangar renovations this year.

In the southwestern region, Brak Al-Shati has seen a surge in Russian presence, with staffing levels rising from 300 to 450 since late 2024. Recent construction includes a new hangar and two buildings likely used for aircraft maintenance.

The Tamenhant base, located in southern Libya, has been linked to Wagner Group mercenaries—precursors to the Africa Corps—facilitating military operations and arms trafficking into Sudan. Recent expansion includes new housing, a renovated road connecting the runway to hangars, and modifications to the airstrip itself.

Regional instability and peace process setbacks

This growing Russian presence complicates Libya’s fragile unification process. Foreign troops and mercenaries remain entrenched, undermining efforts to achieve a durable peace. Analysts note that Russian-backed factions are resisting disarmament and reconciliation, prolonging conflict and delaying political stability.